Vietnam-Netherlands Mekong Delta Masterplan project

November 9, 2017 | Author: Jessica Short | Category: N/A
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1 MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT SUB-INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH VIETNAM Vietn...

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MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT SUB-INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH VIETNAM -------

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Vietnam-Netherlands Mekong Delta Masterplan project DRAFT REPORT

RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT IN MEKONG RIVER DELTA: LIVING ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM, MANGROVE AND NATURAL PRESERVATION

HO CHI MINH CITY, 2010

Water and Environment in Mekong Delta - Draft Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents Lists of Tables...............................................................................................................3 List of Figures ...............................................................................................................4 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................5 1.1 Background of the Mekong River Delta ...............................................................5 1.2. Purpose of the report .............................................................................................7 2. Current system Overview and Analysis ..................................................................7 2.1. The dominant types of flora and fauna ecosystems in the Mekong delta ..........7 2.2. Uniqueness of the different ecosystems...............................................................9 2.3. Protection status of the different of ecosystems ............................................... 11 2.3.1. Conservation measures ................................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Directions to restore and manage the sustainable use of mangrove ........... 11 2.3.3. Indicators for Assessing Progress .................................................................. 12 2.4. Occurrence of mangroves including a description of their ecosystem............ 13 2.5. Vulnerabilities of different ecosystems to climate change .................................2 2.5. Economic importance of the different ecosystems..............................................5 2.6. Possible (economic, society and ecological) threats for existing ecosystems ........6 3. Inventory of available data.......................................................................................7 3.1. Major sources and availability of data concerning the topic mentioned............7 3.2. GIS data / Geographical distribution................................................................. 10 3.3. Regulation and legal documents........................................................................ 14 4. Stakeholder Analysis ............................................................................................ 18 4.1 Main actors in water and environment sector.................................................... 18 4.2. Public perception ................................................................................................ 19 5. Limitations and Recommendations ...................................................................... 20 5.1. Constraints and Difficulties ............................................................................... 20 5.2. Recommendations .............................................................................................. 20 REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 23

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Water and Environment in Mekong Delta - Draft Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

List of Tables

Table 1. Four important wetlands in the Mekong Delta ............................................1 Table 2. Ten most important and relevant habitat types in each of those priority wetlands.........................................................................................................................2 Table 3. Area inundated by 1.0 meter SLR in Mekong River Delta, Vietnam .........2 Table 4. International organizations involved in climate change activities in Vietnam..........................................................................................................................4 Table 5. The area of mangrove forests and shrimp farms in Ca Mau and Tra Vinh.......6 Table 6. Some National Strategies, Plans, Projects and Action Programs for Biodiversity Conservation approved by Vietnam’s Government............................ 16 Table 7. List of key participant organizations ........................................................ 19

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Water and Environment in Mekong Delta - Draft Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

List of Figures

Figure1. Mekong River Basin map and water distribution in each country involved. ...5 Figure2. Predicted 1.0m SLR Inundated areas in Mekong River Delta region of Vietnam ..........................................................................................................................3 Figure 3. Soil Map of the Mekong River Delta....................................................... 11 Figure 4. Map of flood land ...................................................................................... 12 Figure 5. Map of ecology land use region .............................................................. 13 Figure 6. Map of wetland areas in Mekong river delta (Birdlife International)... 14

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Water and Environment in Mekong Delta - Draft Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Mekong River Delta The Mekong River is one of the world’s great rivers. It rises at about 5,000m in the Tanghla Shan Mountains, on the northeast rim of the great Tibetan Plateau, and flows for 4,160 km through or along the borders of six countries: China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. The lower Mekong exhibits pronounced seasonal variations in flow, reflecting rainfall patterns. The river starts to rise shortly after the onset of the monsoon rains in late May, and attains its maximum level in September or October. It then falls rapidly until December and slowly thereafter reaches its lowest level in April and early May.

Figure1. Mekong River Basin map and water distribution in each country involved. Source: MRC, 2000

The Mekong River Delta is generally regarded as beginning at Phnom Penh in Cambodia, where the river divides into its two main distributaries, the Mekong (Tien river in Vietnam) and the Bassac (Hau river in Vietnam). The Tien river subsequently divides into six main channels and the Hau river into three to form the nine "dragons" of the outer delta in Vietnam.

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Water and Environment in Mekong Delta - Draft Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

About 70 percent of the Mekong Delta was formed by sediment deposition in the last 6000 years, lies within Vietnam, and it is the home of 17 million people who depend upon it for their livelihoods. Each year flood waters inundate 3.9 million hectares. The delta comprises a vast triangular plain of approximately 5.5 million hectares, almost entirely
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