Tullamore Court Hotel October 22 nd Barry Caslin, Teagasc. Bioenergy Specialist

Potential of Farm Scale AD in Ireland Tullamore Court Hotel October 22nd 2009. Barry Caslin, Teagasc. Bioenergy Specialist [email protected]

Ireland Situation 2009 Area Farmed

4,261,100 ha

Crops

282,086 ha

Grassland

3,491,767 ha

Hill / Rough Land

487,247 ha

Other Land Crop Potatoes

45,033 ha Area (ha)

Production (tonnes)

10,883

380,905

Barley

183,105

1,260,524

Wheat

80,514

728,573

Oats

18,467

125,878

5,933

23,200

264,600

2,381,400

1,211,200

26,084,100

Oilseed Rape Hay Grass Silage

Bioenergy in Ireland     



Wood residues – pulpwood, sawmill residues, forestry residues, recycled wood. Dry agricultural residues – Straw, poultry litter, spent mushroom compost. Wet agricultural residues – animal manure / slurry Industry residues – sludge, fats, meat & bonemeal, food processing residues. Purpose grown energy crops – oilseed rape, cereals, maize, sugar beet, short rotation coppice willow, miscanthus. Others – recovered vegetable oil

White Paper Targets    

12% renewable heat by 2020 (5% by 2010). 30% co-firing with biomass at the 3 peat power plants by 2015. 800 MW of CHP by 2020. 10% transport biofuels by 2020 (5.75% 2010). The above targets will be the mechanisms to achieve 16% total final energy consumption and a 10% contribution of energy in transport by 2020.

Bioenergy Contribution to ‘Total Final Consumption’ Sector

2010 PJ (ktoe) 2020 PJ (ktoe)

Heat energy

14 (336)

21 (504)

2 (48)

17 (408)

12 (288)

22 (528)

28 (672)

60 (1,440)

Electrical energy Transport energy

Total

European Policy Drivers 

EU Landfill directive 1999

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EU Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)



The commission will carry out an assessment on biowaste management



EU Renewable energy directive 2009

National Policy Drivers 

Regional Waste Management Plans (2001 & 2005/2006)



National Strategy on Bio-degradable Waste (2006)



Mandatory diversion targets set for 2010, 2013, 2016

AD in the EU Germany Austria Denmark Sweden

Substrates for AD   

  

Animal manure & slurry Agricultural residues & by-products Digestible organic wastes (food & Agri industries) Organic fraction of municipal waste Sewage sludge Dedicated energy crops

Advantages of manures & slurries 

  

The natural content of anaerobic bacteria. High water content – solvent Cheap price High accessability

Biogas production The biogas production is determined by:  



Dry matter content (DM) Organic matter fraction of dry matter (OM/DM) Biogas production per kg of OM

Feedstocks TOTAL SOLIDS %

VOLATILE SOLIDS RAW % MAT

GAS PRODUCED M 3/Kg V S

APPROX CH YIELD/TONNE OF RAW MATERIAL

Pig Slurry

3-8

2.1-6.4

0.25-0.50

9.5 M3

Cattle Slurry

5-12

3.8-10

0.20-0.30

10.3M3

Chicken Manure

10-30

7-24

0.35-0.60

23 M3

Food waste

10

8

0.50-0.60

26 M3

Maize

30

33

0.67

114 M3

Grass Silage

20

17.6

0.56

60 M3

MATERIAL

Waste produced by various livestock Pigs

Waste Kg/day

Cattle

Waste Kg/day

Piglet (15kg)

1.04

Calf (0-6)

6

Weaner (30kg)

1.9

Store (6-15)

14

Growing-Finishing (70kg)

4.4

Dairy (6-15)

14

Growing -Finishing 5.8

Beef (25-24)

21

Dry Sow (125kg)

4.03

Dairy (15-24)

21

Sow & Litter

14.9

Beef Cow (24+)

41

Boar (160kg)

4.9

Dairy Cow (24 +)

47

Chickens Layers 1.8kg

Chickens 0.1

Broiler (0.9kg)

0.06

Dairy Herd       

1 m3 of biogas = 21 MJ of energy 21 MJ of energy = 5.83 kWh (21/3.6) 1 dairy cow produces 0.33 m3 /slurry/ week Each cow produces 47 kg/slurry/day 1 cow produces (0.047 x 20.00) 0.94m3/biogas/day 0.94 m 3 x 5.83 = 5.48 kWh/cow/day Assume electrical efficiency of 35% = 1.9kW el/day

Dairy herd continued 

A farmer having 250 dairy cows with slurry at 10% DM will produce:

250 Cow Dairy herd will produce 12 m 3 of slurry per day. 

1 cow produces 1,900 Watts/day 250 cows will produce 173,375 kWh/yr or provide electricity for 41 homes

Digesting Maize 

What's the available area under cultivation?



What's the potential electrical power per hectare per year (kWel/ha/year) on average soil and weather conditions?

Maize       

One hectare of maize will yield approximately 13 tonne of DM / ha The DM of fresh maize = Circa 30% Total fresh yield = 43 t/ha Biogas yield = 202 m3 /tonne 8686m3 /ha = 182,406 MJ or 50,668 kWh/ha Efficiency 35% = 17,733 kWh/ha One hectare of Maize can provide electricity for over 4 homes per year.

Digesting maize continued 

Assuming every hectare is worth 2.5 kWel electrical power per year, the possible electrical power capacity is calculated by multiplying the area under cultivation with 2.5 kWel/ha.



200 ha x 2.5 kW/ha = 500 kWel

Biogas Production Amount of substrate (t) x DM (%) on OM (% of DM) x maximum biogas production (m 3/t ODM)

Biogas production example 1,000 t of pig manure has a DM of 8% of which 80% is organic matter (OM). The max biogas yield is 450 m3/t ODM Biogas production will be 1000 t x 8% DM x 80% OM x 450 m3/t ODM = 28,800 m3 biogas.

Biogas Composition Component

Volume Percentage

Methane (CH4)

50-80%

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

50-20%

Nitrogen (N2)