Draft for comments only Not to be cited as East African Standard

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EAS ##:2000

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ICS 13.060.20

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EAST AFRICAN DRAFT STANDARD

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as

Potable Water — Specification

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EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY

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© EAC 2000

First Edition 2000

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EAS ##:2009

Foreword

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Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged within the Community will be removed.

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In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee mandated to develop and issue East African Standards.

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The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures of the Community.

No

t to

be

cit

ed

as

East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards they are implementing.

P.O. Box 1096 Arusha Tanzania

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East African Community

—

© East African Community 2000 – All rights reserved*

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Tel: 255 27 2504253/8 Fax: 255 27 2504255

E-mail: [email protected]

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Web: www.eachq.org

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* © 2000 EAC — All rights of exploitation of any form and by any means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2000

Introduction

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Increasingly it has been recognized that traditional suppliers of drinking water such as public and private waterworks may not be able in many instances or under all circumstances to guarantee the microbiological safety of product to the extend previously thought possible. This has lead to high consumption of bottled water and thus rapid growth of the industry.

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This standard has been prepared to guide manufacturers, importers and consumers on the quality requirements for bottled/packaged waters other than natural mineral waters and hence safeguard the consumers' health.

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.....

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS 153:2000

Potable water — Specification 1

Scope

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This East African Standard prescribes the quality requirements and Method of sampling and test of

Potable water used for domestic and containerized purposes. Field of application

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2

Terms and Definitions

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3

as

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This standard applies to water distributed in the food industry for domestic and catering purposes, and Potable water. This standard applies to the biological, physical, chemical radiological, organoleptic and quality criteria of potable water. Mineral waters are covered in EAS 13, Specification for containerized mineral water.

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3.1 Potable water

be

Shall be water that is safe to drink, pleasant in taste and suitable for domestic purposes.

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3.2

No

Containerized drinking water

—

shall be drinking water that has undergone treatment through filtration, decantation, dechlorination, reverse osmosis and UV light radiation and/or ozonation prior to packaging

drinking water

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3.3

shall be potable water intended for human consumption

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3.4

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Treated water (piped, bottled, etc) e.g. piped treated water- water that is conventionally treated usually by coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection and distributed through pipe distribution network.

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© EAC 2000 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2009 3.5

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Partially treated piped water Water uses any one or more of the above treatment processes but not all 3.6

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Untreated water/rural-

water that is supplied in its natural form without any treatment, e.g. from boreholes, shallow wells, springs or RWH

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3.7

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Conventional Treatment

as

collection, storage and distribution of drinking water involving deliberate coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to improve the safety and quality of the finished drinking water to consumers

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3.8

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Water Quality

be

The chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water in respect to suitability for an intended use/purpose, e.g. domestic, car washing, farming, mining, industrial purposes or healthy ecosystem,

t to

3.9 Safe water

No

Water that is free of chemical substances & micro-organisms in concentrations which could cause illness or body disorders in any form.

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Surveillance

—

3.10

An independent continuous, specific measurement, observation and reporting for the purpose of water quality management and operational activities – commonly done by Health

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3.11 Disinfection

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Reduction by means of chemical agents and/or physical methods, of the number of micro-organism to a level that does not compromise food safety or suitability.

4. Requirements for potable water

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Potable water shall conform to the requirements enunciated in the following clauses and tables

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4.1 Water intended for human consumption shall be free from organisms and from concentrations of particulate matter chemical substances that may be a hazard to health (See Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2000

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4.2 Potable water shall be free from microscopic organisms such as algae, zooplanktons, flagilates, parasites and toxin producing organisms.

4.3 Supplies of potable water shall be as pleasant to drink as circumstances permit. Coolness, absence of turbidity and absence of colour and of any disagreeable taste or smell are of the utmost importance in public supplies of potable water. The location, construction, operation and supervision of water supply, its reservoirs and its distribution system shall be such that they exclude any possible pollution of the water (see Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).

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4.4 Potable containerized water shall be handled under hygienic conditions stipulated in EAS 39 Code of practice for food and drink industry,

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4.5 Potable water shall be collected, processed and packaged in accordance with CAC/RCP 48, Code of hygienic practices for bottled/packaged drinking waters (other than natural mineral water)

Colour TCU

ii)

Turbidity NTU

iii)

pH

iv)

Taste

Containerized drinking water

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i)

Drinking water

15 true colour units max. Apparent colour

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Characteristic

15 true colour units max. 25 units

Test method

ISO 7887

ISO 7027

6.5 – 8.5

6.5 – 8.5

ISO 10523

Not objectionable

Not objectionable

Es 605

Odour

Odourless

Odourless

Es 605 or ASTMD 1292

Conductivity

1500 micro S/cm

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—

No

5 max. (NTU)

1500 micro S/cm

ISO 7888

True colour units (TCU) mean 15 hazen units after filtration.

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a)

1 max. (NTU)

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v)

vi)

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Sl. No.

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Table 1— The Physical Requirements

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2009

Sl. No.

Substance or characteristic

Drinking water

Containerized drinking water (mg/L max.)

(mg/L max.) Suspended matter

ii)

Total dissolved solids

iii

Total organic matter

iv)

Total hardness, as CaCO3, Aluminium, as Al

vi)

Chloride, as Cl

vi)

Iron Fe

+++

,

700

0.003

0.003

ISO 8245

300

300

″

0.1

-

Sulphate

ix)

Zinc, as Zn

200 300

++

Magnesium, as Mg

xi)

Residual free chlorine ++

0.3

ISO 6332

200

ISO 9964-1

300

ISO

5

ISO 92

100

″

0.2-0.5

Not detectable

″

150

150

″

be

Calcium, as Ca

100

cit

x)

ed

5 ++

ISO 9297

Ea

viii)

ISO 12020

250

as

Sodium, as Na

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0.1

250

+

EAS 15

700

0.3

vii)

xii)

Not detectable

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v)

Not detectable

Test method

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Table 2 — Quality requirements for drinking water and containerized drinking water

Under conditions of epidemic diseases, it may be necessary to increase the residual chlorine temporarily.

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No

b)

The methods of test are prescribed in KS 459: Parts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

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a)

Substance

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Sl. No.

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Table 3 — Limits for inorganic contaminants in drinking water and containerized drinking water Test method

mg/L, max.

EAS 15

Arsenic, as As

ii)

Cadmium, as Cd

0.003

″

iii)

Lead, as Pb

0.01

″

Copper, as Cu

1.000

″

Mercury (total as Hg)

0.001

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iv) v)

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Limit of concentration

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

0.01

4

Manganese, as Mn

0.1

″

vii)

Selenium, as Se

0.01

″

viii)

Ammonia (N)

ix)

Chromium, as Cr

0.05

x)

Nickel, as Ni

0.02

xi)

Cyanide, as CN

0.01

xii)

Barium, as Ba

0.7

xiii)

Nitrate, as NO3

45

xiv)

Boron, as (boric acid)

0.3

xv)

Fluoride, as F

xvi)

Bromate, as BrO3

xvii)

Nitrite

xiii)

Phosphates, as PO4

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vi)

0.5

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″

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b)

as

1.000

ed

0.01

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0.003

3-

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EAS ##:2000

″ ″ ″ ″ ″ ″ ″

be

2.2

″

The methods of test are prescribed in EAS 15

b)

If the product contains more than 1.0 mg/L fluoride, the following term shall appear on the label as part of, or in close proximity to the name of the product on in any otherwise prominent position ‘’water contains fluoride’’.

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No

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a)

Substance

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Sl. No.

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Table 4 — Limits for organic constituents in drinking water and containerized drinking water

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i)

Limit µg/L max.

Test method

EAS 15

Aromatics

Benzene

10

Toluene

700

Xylene

500

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon

0.7

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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Chlorinated Alkanes and Alkenes

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EAS ##:2009

2

Carbon tetrachloride

″

1,1-Dichloroethylene

0.3

1,1-Dichloroethene

30

Tetrachloroethene

40

″

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30

″ ″ ″

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1,2-Dichloroethane

as

Phenolic substances

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iii)

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Phenols

″

200

″

be

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

2

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Trihalomethanes

No

iv)

30

″

—

Chloroform

″

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Pesticides

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″

Aldrin/Dieldrin

0.03

″

Chlordane (total)

0.3

″

2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

30

″

DDT (total)

1

″

0.03

″

Hexachlorobenzene

1

″

Lindane BHC

2

″

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v)

Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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20

Surfactants (reacting with methlene Blue)

200

Vii

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Vi

Methoxychlor

0.01 Mineral oil

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3

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Organic matter

The methods of test are prescribed in EAS 15

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a)

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EAS ##:2000

Type of micro-organism

Drinking water

Total viable counts at

Total Coliforms in 100 mL

iii)

E. Coli in 100 mL

No

—

Staphylococcus aureus in 100 mL

Pseudomonas aeruginosa fluorescence in 100 mL

Nil

viii) ix)

co

Streptococcus 100mL

faecalis

drinking water 20

in

ISO 4833

Nil

ISO 4832

Nil ISO 9308-1 Nil ISO 6888-1

Nil

vii)

Test method

Nil ISO 6461-2

Nil -

Nil

Nil

ISO 7899-2

Shigella in 100 mL

Nil

Nil

ISO 21567

Salmonella in 100 mL

Nil

Nil

ISO 6785

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a)

Nil

Sulphite reducing anaerobes in100 mL

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vi)

Nil

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v)

Nil

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ii)

iv)

Containeriz ed

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37 ºC, inmL, max.

100

a)

be

i)

ed

as

Sl. No.

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Table 5a — Microbiological limits for Potable water

Not for implementation purposes but for monitoring the system at source. Total time before analysis should be not more than 6 h at 4 ºC. Determination of total viable counts shall start within 12 h after collection of the drinking

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2009

b)

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water sample.

Methods for the microbiological examination of foods.

Table 5b — Bacteriological quality for different types of water supplies

Coliform organisms

Nil

Faecal coliforms

Nil

st

Nil

ISO 4832

Nil in any two consecutive samples

ISO 4832

cit be distribution

Nil

ISO 4832

3 coliform organisms in any one sample

ISO 4832

Nil in any two consecutive samples

ISO 4832

Nil in 95 percent of yearly samples

ISO 4832

Faecal coliforms

Nil

ISO 4832

Coliform organisms

10

ISO 4832

Faecal coliforms

Nil

ISO 4832

Coliform organisms

Nil

ISO 4832

Faecal coliforms

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Unpiped supplies

supplies

of

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Emergency water

ISO 4832

ISO 4832

t to

in

ISO 4832

Nil in 98 percent of yearly samples

No

Water system

ISO 4832

3 coliform organisms in any one sample

ed

Untreated water entering the distribution system

Faecal coliforms

Ea

Treated water entering the distribution system

Test methods

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Number per 100 ml

as

Type of supply

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4.12 Drinking water and containerized drinking water shall comply with the limits for radioactive materials stipulated in Table 6.

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2000

Table 6 — Limits for radioactive materials in drinking water and containerized drinking water Limit in pCi/L

Test method

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Radioactive material

ISO 9696 i) Gross alpha activity

1 ISO 9697 15

″

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ii) Gross beta activity

a)

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Method for determining gases, organic compounds and radioactivity in drinking water.

7 Packaging

ed

as

7.1 The product shall be packed in scaled retail containers suitable for preventing the possible adulteration or contamination of water and shall be environmental friendly.

cit

7.2 Inertia of the packaging material should be sufficient to ensure that the food safety of the product is not affected.

Labeling requirements

be

8

The name of the product shall be the appropriate term as defined in 3.1.

—

8.1.1

The name of the product

No

.1

t to

In addition to Standard Specifications for Labeling of Pre-packaged Foods, East African Standard EAS 38, the following provisions shall apply.

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8.1.2 Water containing carbon dioxide that emerges from the source and is packaged directly with its entrapped gas or from which the gas is mechanically separated and later reintroduced at a level not higher than naturally occurring in the water, may bear on its label the words ‘naturally carbonated’ or ‘naturally sparkling.’

8.2

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8.1.3 Packaged water which contains carbon dioxide at levels than those naturally occurring in the source of the product shall be labelled with the words ‘carbonated, carbonation added, or sparkling.’

Additional labelling requirements

co

8.2.1 Mineral content — If the content of total dissolved substances of the water is below 500 ppm or if it is greater than 1500 ppm, the statement "Low mineral content", or a similar term or the statement "High mineral content", or a similar term respectively, may appear on the principal display panel following the statement of identity.

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If labeling indicates the amount of specific minerals present in the product, the label shall describe the amount in ppm.

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2009

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8.2.2 Fluoride — Packaged water containing added fluoride shall be labeled "Fluoridated water". Any water that is called fluoridated water shall contain not less than 0,8 mg/l fluoride ion. The product should not contain more than 1,5 mg/l of fluoride. 8.2.3 Geographic location — The geographic location may be indicated on the label for artesian, spring or well water.

Labeling prohibitions

st

8.3

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8.2.4 Water from water distribution system — When drinking water is supplied by a public or private tap water distribution system, the wording "From a public or private distribution system" must appear along with the name of the product on the front of the main label.

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8.3.1 No claims concerning medicinal (preventive, alleviative or curative) or other beneficial effects relating to the health of the consumer shall be made in respect of the properties of the product covered by the standard.

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8.3.2 The way in which labels on the packaged water are presented must not cause confusion with other categories of water, particularly natural mineral water, as defined in the standard for Natural Mineral Waters (EAS 13).

Optional Labeling

t to

8.4

be

cit

8.3.3 The use of any statement or of any pictorial device, which may create confusion in the mind of the public or in any way mislead the public about the nature, origin, composition and properties of bottled / packaged drinking water other than natural mineral waters put on sale, is prohibited.

-

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a) "Alkaline"

—

No

8.4.1 The following terms, descriptive of the particular properties of the product, may appear on the label as part of, or in close proximity to, the name of the product or in an otherwise prominent position, provided that conditions specified are adhered to:

where the product contains more than 600 mg/L CHO3

-

where the product contains more than 250 mg/L free carbon

c) "Saline"

-

where the product contains more than 1000 mg/L NaCl

d) "Contains Fluorine"

-

where the product contains more than 1 mg/L F

e) "Contains Irons"

-

where the product contains more than 5 mg/L Fe

f)

-

where the product contains more than 1 mg/L I

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b) "Acidulous" dioxide

co

"Contains Iodine"

ft f or

g) "May be Diuretic" where the product contains more than 1000 mg/L total dissolved solids or 600 mg/L HCO3

8.4.2

The following are also examples of optional labeling:

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(a) trade name;

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

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EAS ##:2000 (b) the date of the authorization to commence collection and production;

9

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(c) the results of analysis of the water wither as it emerges at the source, including a statement of any treatment, or of the results of analysis of the water in the container.

Scale of Sampling

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9.2.1 The quantity of packed mineral water of the same type belonging to the same batch of manufacture and packed in a day shall constitute a lot. 9.2.2 For ascertaining the conformity of the material to the requirements of the specification, samples shall be tested from each lot separately.

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9.2.3 The number of bottles to be selected from a lot shall depend on the size of the lot and shall be according to Table 4.

as

Table 4 — Scale of sampling

3

cit

Up to 5000

be

5001 to 10000 10001 to 15000

Sample size (2)

ed

No. of bottles in the Lot (1)

7 9

No

t to

15001 and above

5

Dr a

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—

The tests shall be carried out according to EAS 15.

© EAC 2009 – All rights reserved

11